Scons is an alternative to make, and doesn’t use Makefiles at all. (BTW, our scons build system is rather scary – I wouldn’t recommend digging through it unless you absolutely have to.)
In general, the applications themselves are in rosetta_source/src/apps/public – for example, fixbb is located at rosetta_source/src/apps/public/design/fixbb.cc That’s a rather small wrapper around the Rosetta libraries, though, which are found mostly in rosetta_source/src/protocols (higher level things), and rosetta_source/src/core (lower level things), with some minor things in the other directories of rosetta_source/src/
We try to make the layout of the code self-evident. The namespaces should match up with the directory structure, and major classes should get eponymous named .cc and .hh files, so if you find a class or function, there’s usually strong hints as to where the implementation is located.